
Tasword Two
by
Tasman Software









































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Contents

Getting Started With Tasword
	How Tasword Works
	The Text File
	The Window
	The Keyboard
	Auto Repeat
	The Control Keys
	Extended Mode
	Word Wrapping
	Justification
	Tall Cursor
	Good Typing Practice

Loading and Running Tasword
	Saving Tasword

Saving and Loading Text Files
	Saving
	Loading
	Merging
	Tasword Tutor





















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The Control Keys

The Extended Mode Control Keys
	Margins
	Interfaces
	Printers
	Printer Initialisation
	Graphics Characters
	The Define Graphics/Printer Facility

Changing Tasword Characters

More About Printer Interfaces

Microdrive Implementation





























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Getting started with Tasword


Learning to use Tasword

Tasword is designed to be easy to use. We suggest that you learn
to use Tasword by the following steps:

(1)	Read "How Tasword Works" on pages 5 to 7 of this manual;

(2)	Load Tasword as described on page 11;

(3)	Type in a few lines of text paying attention to the features
	described in the "How Tasword Works" section of this
	manual. Experiment with some of the control keys - they are
	all described on pages 14 to 24;

(4)	Load the Tasword Tutor text file following the procedure
	described on page 13;

(5)	Take your time working through Tasword Tutor and
	experiment as much as you like. Refer to the control key
	descriptions in the manual (pages 14 to 24) as you work
	through Tasword Tutor;

(6)	You will now be sufficiently familiar with Tasword to use it to
	produce your own text files. As you continue to use Tasword
	you will discover which of the facilities are most useful to you
	and you will find that you remember the relevant control
	keys. Don't forget that the help pages are always there;

(7)	Configure Tasword for your interface and printer as
	described on pages 29 to 33. Save Tasword, following the
	instructions on page 12, and use this tape as your working
	copy. Keep the original as your backup copy.









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How Tasword works

The Text File

Tasword operates on a text file which contains whatever you
type in from the keyboard. This text file can be up to 320 lines
long. Your television is a "window" which shows you 22 lines of
the text file. Certain "Control Keys" move the window up or
down the text file. Moving the window is called "scrolling".


The Window

Tasword normally shows you all 64 characters on each line of the
text file. The window can be "opened" to show just 32 of the
characters on each line at normal Spectrum character size. This is
done using the Extended-mode-C control key as described on
page 23.


The Keyboard

Each time you press a single key the character marked in white on
that key (a letter or a numeral) appears on the screen at the
cursor position. The exception is the ENTER key which moves the
cursor to the beginning of the next line.
To type a capital letter hold the CAPS SHIFT key down and press
the relevant key.
Certain single characters are marked in red on the keys;

( ! # @ $ % & ' _ < > ; " - + = : #? / * , )


To type one of these characters hold the SYMBOL SHIFT key
down while you press the relevant key.
Some single characters are marked in red below the keys;

[ ] © ~ | \ { }






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To type one of these characters you must enter "Extended
Mode" (see p.8) and then hold SYMBOL SHIFT down while
pressing the relevant key.
The red markings on some of the letter keys are not single
characters but are words or double characters. (TO;
THEN; <= etc.) These are the Tasword "Control
Keys". The white markings above the number keys are also
Control Keys.


Auto Repeat

If pressure is kept on any key then after a slight delay the key
action is repeated. This applies to both character keys and
control keys.


The Control Keys

With the exception of ENTER one of the SHIFT keys must be held
down to obtain a control key action. When a control key is
pressed Tasword manipulates the text file in some way. For
example the arrow keys (CAPS SHIFT 5, 6, 7, and 8) move the
cursor. Another useful control key is EDIT (CAPS SHIFT 1) which
displays the help page on the screen. The help page gives a brief
description of each control key action and is reproduced below.

EDIT ........ help page
CAPS LOCK ... capitals lock
TRUE VIDEO .. cursor to word Left
INV. VIDEO .. cursor to word right
ARROWS ...... cursor movement
GRAPHICS .... printer control chars
DELETE ...... delete characters
<= .......... move line Left
<> .......... centre line
>= .......... move line right
AND ......... insert line/character






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OR .......... go to end of text
AT .......... go to start of text
STOP ........ load/save/print text
NOT ......... delete line
STEP ........ reform to end of para
TO .......... scroll down
THEN ........ scroll up
ENTER ....... start of next Line
CAPS+SYMBOL SHIFT-enter or leave extended mode

ENTER returns to text. Both shift keys for the other help page.
A full description of the action of each of the above control keys
is given on pages 14 to 19.

While the help page is showing press both CAPS SHIFT and
SYMBOL SHIFT to see the Extended Mode help page. Press the
two shift keys again to return to the normal mode help page.

When the help page is showing press ENTER to go back to where
you were in the text file.
























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Extended Mode

To perform some operations on the text file you must put
Tasword into "Extended Mode" by pressing CAPS SHIFT and
SYMBOL SHIFT at the same time. The bottom line of the
display flashes to remind you that Tasword is in Extended Mode.

The Extended Mode help page is displayed when EDIT (CAPS
SHIFT 1) is pressed while in Extended Mode. This help page
shows which keys are control keys in Extended Mode and it is
reproduced below.

                           TASWORD
                  Extended Mode Control Keys

SCROLLING                       FORMATTING
F-fast scroll down              E-right justify on/off
G-fast scroll up                W-word-wrap on/off
                                J-justify line
ZX PRINTER                      K-unjustify line
P-print text file
L-large printing on marker      MARGINS
K-large printing off marker     A-set left margin at cursor
                                S-reset margins to normal
MISCELLANEOUS                   D-set right margin at cursor
C-change window on text
X-clear text file               BLOCK COMMANDS
R-replace or find text          B-mark beginning of block
I-insert mode on/off            V-mark end of block of text
EDIT-help page                  N-copy marked block to cursor
ARROWS-cursor movement          M-move marked block to cursor

SYMBOL SHIFT and key to type these characters;
[ ] © ~ | \ { ]










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ENTER returns to text. Both shift keys for the other help page.

A full description of the action of each Extended Mode control
key is given on pages 19 to 24.

Pressing the two shift keys while the Extended Mode help page is
showing will put the normal mode help page on the screen.

To return to normal Tasword mode from Extended Mode press
CAPS SHIFT and SYMBOL SHIFT at the same time. The
bottom line of the display will stop flashing to show you that
Tasword is in normal mode.


Word-Wrapping

Unless overridden by the Extended-Mode-W control key
Tasword word-wraps automatically at the end of each line. This
means that if your last word on a line does not fit onto the line
then the whole word is transferred to the beginning of the next
line. The only time you will normally use the ENTER key when
typing in text is when you want to start a new paragraph. You
will soon find that when you are typing in text you will only
occasionally look at the screen - Tasword keeps the text neat and
leaves you free to concentrate on the keyboard.


Justification

As well as word-wrapping when a word overflows the end of a
line Tasword automatically justifies the line that has just been
finished. The words in the line are spaced out by inserting spaces
between them so that the text spreads across the screen. This
gives the text a neat appearance with no jagged margin on the
right hand side.









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The automatic justification can be turned off using the Extended-
Mode-E control key (p.20). This results in the typed text having a
"ragged right" appearance that may be, according to personal
preference, more appropriate for the task in hand.

It is straightforward to change text that has already been typed
from right justified to ragged right or vice versa. Simply use the
Extended-Mode-E control key to turn right justification on or off
and then use the normal mode STEP control key (p.18) to
rejustify the desired paragraphs.


Tall Cursor

When you type the last character in a line Tasword moves the
cursor to the beginning of the next line. The cursor becomes
taller. If you type a character when the cursor is tall Tasword will
assume that the character is part of the last word on the previous
line and word-wrap. If the word on the previous line is finished
you must type a space - as you would have done anyway if you
had not looked at the screen - before typing the next word.

If the last character on a line is a punctuation mark Tasword will
not word-wrap when you begin the next line even if you type a
character when the cursor is tall. It will ignore the first two spaces
that you type so that you do not indent a line accidentally.


Good Typing Practice

Help Tasword help you by following the two simple rules of good
typing practice:

(1)	Always type at least one space after the full stop at the end of
	a sentence or after any other punctuation mark;









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(2)	Always begin a new paragraph by indenting (typing spaces
	at the beginning of) the first line or by leaving a blank line
	between paragraphs, or by doing both.



Loading and Running Tasword

To load Tasword place the cassette in your recorder and ensure
that it is fully rewound.

Type LOAD "" and press ENTER, then start the tape. Tasword
loads in two parts; first the "program" and then the "bytes". The
beeper sounds when loading is complete. Stop the tape.

Tasword starts running when the beeper stops. You will see the
cursor flashing at the beginning of an empty text file and the line
number and other information at the bottom of the screen. You
can now type in text or load a previously created text file from
tape. (See p.12 and 13).

To load Tasword Tutor load Tasword as described above. Then
follow the instructions on page 13.

If you have gone into Basic then to continue running Tasword
press R for RUN and then ENTER


Saving Tasword

Please Note; The facility to save Tasword has been included to
allow you, the purchaser, to make back-up copies and to save
your customised versions of Tasword. Passing copies of Tasword
to a third party is a breach of copyright.










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To make a back-up or customised copy of the Tasword program
press the STOP (symbol shift A) control key while Tasword is
running. A list of options will appear on the screen as shown on
page 18. Press T to save the Tasword program, put a blank
cassette into your recorder and press the record button, then
press ENTER.



Saving and Loading Text Files

Saving

You can save the text you have typed onto tape as a "text file".
Press the STOP (symbol shift A) control key while Tasword is
running in normal mode and the list of options shown on page 18
will appear on the screen. Choose the "save text file" option by
pressing the S key and Tasword will ask you to type in a name for
the text file. Type in a name for your text file, which can be up to
ten characters long, and then press ENTER. Follow the
instructions which will appear on the screen. When Tasword has
saved your text file you will be asked if you want to verify the
saved file to check that it has been saved successfully. If you press
Y for yes Tasword will give you instructions on the screen.

The STOP control key options will re-appear on the screen
whether you verify the text file or not. Press the Y key to return
to the text file.

If a "Tape Loading Error" message appears then the verification
has failed. Press R for RUN and then ENTER. Try saving and
verifying the text file again. If it fails twice there may be a fault on
the blank tape and you should try a fresh one.


Loading

Loading a text file will clear all the text that is currently in the
Tasword Text File.





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To load a text file from tape use the STOP control key while
Tasword is running in normal mode. Then press the J key to select
the "load text file" option. Tasword will ask you to type the name
of the text file you want to load. Type the text file name, press
ENTER and then play the tape. The text file will appear on the
screen as soon as it has loaded.


Merging

Merging is loading a text file from cartridge and putting it in the
Tasword text file after any text that is already there. To do this
use the STOP control key and then press the M key to select the
"merge text files" option. Tasword will then prompt you to
follow the same procedure as described in "loading" above.

The merge will fail if there is not enough room for both the text
files (320 lines). You will then be in Basic: press R for RUN and
then ENTER to continue running Tasword.


Tasword Tutor

Tasword Tutor is a text file which helps you familiarise yourself
with the use of the control keys.

Tasword Tutor is recorded on the tape immediately after the
Tasword "bytes". Load Tasword as described on p.11 taking care
to stop the tape before the beeper stops sounding.

Follow the normal procedure for loading a text file by taking the
following steps:

(1)	Press the normal mode STOP control key (symbol shift A);

(2)	Select the "load textfile" option by pressing the J key;

(3)	Press ENTER as prompted by Tasword to confirm your choice;






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(4)	Tasword will ask you for the text file name. Type tutor
	and press ENTER.

(5)	Play the tape.

Tasword Tutor will appear on the screen as soon as it has loaded.
Stop the tape.



The Control Keys

The action of the normal mode Tasword control keys are
described below. Tasword is in normal mode when the
bottom line of the display is not flashing.

The appropriate shift key must be held down when a control
key is pressed. The ENTER key is the exception to this rule.


Edit                                            caps shift 1

The normal mode help page is displayed when EDIT is
pressed. When the help page is showing press ENTER to go
back to the text file or press CAPS SHIFT and SYMBOL
SHIFT simultaneously to see the Extended Mode help page.


Caps Lock                                       caps shift 2

A capital letter can be typed by holding CAPS SHIFT
down and pressing the required letter key. Once the CAPS
LOCK control key is pressed every letter key pressed will
give a capital letter. Pressing CAPS LOCK a second time will
turn the capitals lock off.

A message appears at the bottom of the screen when the
capitals lock is on.






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True Video                                      caps shift 3

This control key moves the cursor to the end of the next
word to the left of the cursor. This provides a rapid way of
moving the cursor left along a line.


Inv. Video                                      caps shift 4

This key moves the cursor to the beginning of the next word
to the right. This gives a quick way of moving the cursor to
the right along a line.

If you overshoot your last item of text using this key there will
be a short delay while Tasword checks that there is no
subsequent text in the text file.


Arrows                             caps shift 5, 6, 7, and 8

The arrows on the 5, 6, 7, and 8 keys are used to move the
cursor to any required position on the screen.


Graphics                                        caps shift 9

This key is used to type the graphics symbols printed on the
number keys 1 to 8. When GRAPHICS is pressed a message
appears at the bottom of the screen to remind you that when
you press one of the number keys 1-8 you will type the
graphics character given by the grey pattern on the key.
To obtain the graphics character given by the white pattern on
the key hold CAPS SHIFT down and press the key.

Press GRAPHICS a second time to turn graphics off.

The graphics characters are printed as typed on the ZX printer
but are used as control characters for full width printers. The
use of the graphics characters as control characters is described
on pages 26 and 27.




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Delete                                          caps shift 0

The DELETE key deletes the character under the cursor and
moves the remainder of the line left one position. Note that
characters which are mis-typed can be typed over once the
cursor has been moved to the correct position and you do not
have to use the DELETE key to do this. The DELETE key is
useful for correcting mistakes as they are made and for
removing unwanted characters.


<=                                            symbol shift Q

This moves the text under and left of the cursor left one
character position. There is no effect if there is already a
character at the left margin. Text within margins (see p.25) is
not affected by this control key and if the cursor is inside a
margin no text is moved.


<>                                            symbol shift W

This key centres the text on the line containing the cursor
between the margins. It is useful for headings. Text inside
margins (see p.25) is not moved and there is no action if the
cursor is inside a margin.


>=                                            symbol shift E

This key moves the text under and to the right of the cursor
right one character position. There is no action if there is a
character on the right margin. Text inside margins (see p.25) is
not moved and there is no action if the cursor is inside a margin.


And                                           symbol shift Y

This key is used to insert new lines, words, and characters into
the text file.

To insert a blank line position the cursor at the beginning of the
line following the line to be inserted. Press AND to insert the

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new line. (New lines are inserted automatically when Insert Mode
is turned on - see page 21.)

To insert additional words between existing words position the
cursor on the space between the words. Pressing the AND key
then throws the words to the right of the cursor onto a new
line. The additional text can then be typed in. Use the AND key
again to create additional blank lines to type on as required or
turn Insert Mode on (see p.21).

To insert a character in the middle of a word position the cursor
over the character to the right of the required position. When
the AND key is pressed the line is unjustified (see p.9 for the
meaning of this) and a space is created for the new character to
be typed. If the line cannot be unjustified then a new line will
be created as described in the previous paragraph.

These insertion procedures will usually destroy the justification
of the paragraph. The justification can be recovered using the
STEP key (see p.18).

The AND control key has no effect within margins except
when the cursor is in column 1.


Or                                            symbol shift U

When the key is pressed Tasword finds and displays the end of
the text file.


At                                            symbol shift I

This key is used to jump back to the beginning of the text file.


Stop                                          symbol shift A

This key is usually use to save, load, and print text files. The
following list of options is displayed when STOP is pressed. (The
numbers in brackets refer to the page in this manual on which the
option is described).


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print text file         p  (p.21)
save text file          s  (p.12)
load text file          j  (p.12)
merge text file         m  (p.13)
return to text file     y  (p.18)
define graphics/printer g  (p.26)
save Tasword            t  (p.11)
into Basic              b  (p.18)

Pressing y will take you back to the text file. Pressing b to go into
Basic allows you to do other tasks while still holding Tasword in
the memory. To run Tasword again press R for RUN and then ENTER.


Not                                           symbol shift S

This key deletes the line that the cursor is on. All subsequent lines
are moved up.


Step                                          symbol shift D

This key reforms the text from the line containing the cursor to
the end of the paragraph. The end of the paragraph is detected
by the occurrence of a blank or an indented line. The STEP key
is very useful for tidying up text in which you have made
insertions and deletions.

If margins are set (see p.24) then only the text within the margins
will be reformed.

The STEP key will rejustify the text if Right Justify is on and will
leave the text "ragged right" if Right Justify is off (see p.9). The
STEP control key can therefore be used to change the format of
a paragraph from right justified to ragged right and vice versa.


To                                            symbol shift F

The TO key scrolls the display down one line of the text file.




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Then                                          symbol shift G

This key scrolls the display up one line of the text file.


Enter

This key moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. If
Insert Mode is ON (see page 21) a new line is also inserted.



The Extended Mode Control Keys

To enter or leave Extended Mode press CAPS SHIFT and
SYMBOL SHIFT at the same time.

The bottom line of the display flashes when Tasword is in
Extended Mode.

The following characters are typed in Extended Mode by holding
SYMBOL SHIFT down and pressing appropriate key:

[ ] © ~ | \ { }

No other characters are typed in Extended Mode.

The following are control keys in Extended Mode. They are
described in their approximate order on the keyboard, reading
from top to bottom and left to right.


Edit                                            caps shift 1

This key puts the Extended Mode help page onto the screen
when Tasword is in Extended Mode. Press the two shift keys at
the same time to see the normal mode help page. Press ENTER
to return to the text file.






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Arrows                              caps shift 5, 6, 7 and 8

These keys move the cursor just as they do in normal mode.


W - Word wrap on/off
This Extended Mode control key is used to turn the automatic
word-wrap off or on. The "W/W" message at the bottom of the
screen indicates whether the word-wrap is on or off. Word-
wrapping is described on page 9.

E - Right justify on/off
This control key turns the automatic right justification off or on.
The "R.Justify" message at the bottom of the screen tells
you the current status. Justification is described on pages 9 and
10. When justification is on the text typed will be reformed at the
end of each line to the right margin; when justification is off the
text has the "ragged right" appearance of this paragraph.

R - Replace or find text
This facility allows you to find the next occurrence of a given
word or to replace all the following occurrences of a given word
with another word or group of words. The implementation of this
control key is from the current cursor position. (To find or replace
from the beginning of the text use the normal mode AT control
key before using this Extended Mode key.)

When the R key is press in Extended Mode Tasword asks you to
type the word to be replaced or found. You must type a single
word - Tasword will not accept your input if you include spaces.

Press ENTER after you have typed the word to be replaced or
found and Tasword will ask you for the text that the word is to be
replaced with. Just press ENTER to find the next occurrence of
the word you typed. To replace all the following occurrences of
the word that you specified type up to 32 characters of text
(which can include spaces) and then press ENTER.







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Tasword will reform each paragraph in which it replaces text
according to whether Right Justification is on or off at the time
the find and replace command is executed. There is a short delay
after the final replacement before Tasword continues.

I - Insert Mode on/off
When Insert Mode is turned on Tasword creates a new blank line
for you to type on whenever a line of text is completed or
ENTER is pressed. Turning Insert Mode on is useful when you
want to type some lines of text in the middle of some existing
text.

P - Print Text on ZX Printer
If a ZX Printer is connected the text file will be printed when this
key is pressed. The display scrolls through the text file during
printing. To quit the print hold the Q key down.

A - Set Left Margin
When this key is pressed the left margin is set to immediately
before the current cursor position. The margin setting is indicated
by part of the screen changing colour. The use of margins is
described on page 24.

S - Clear Margins
This key clears the margins to the normal positions at the extreme
left and right of the display.

D - Set Right Margin
This key sets the right margin to immediately after the cursor
position. The position of the right margin is indicated by screen
colour. See page 24 for a description of margins.













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F - Fast Scroll Down
Tasword scrolls down 22 lines (one screenful) every time this key
is pressed in Extended Mode. This is a useful way of scrolling
quickly through your text.

G - Fast Scroll Up
When G is pressed in Extended Mode Tasword scrolls up 22 lines.

J - Justify Line
The line that the cursor is on is right justified by this key.

H - Unjustify Line
The line that the cursor is on is unjustified by deleting any surplus
spaces between words.

L - Large Printing ON Marker for ZX Printer
When this key is pressed in Extended Mode a line is inserted into
the text file containing the message "print at double height on".
The line is inserted above the line that the cursor is on, so use this
control key when the cursor is in the first line that you want
printed at double height. Tasword will not print this marker line
when the text file is printed on the ZX Printer but subsequent
lines will be printed at double height.

Use the normal mode NOT control key if you wish to delete this
marker.

K - Large Printing OFF Marker for ZX Printer
A "print at double height off" message is inserted by this key in
Extended Mode. The message is on a line inserted above the line
that the cursor is on, so use this key when the cursor is in the first
line that you want printed at normal height.

To delete this marker line use the normal mode NOT control key.










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X - Clear Text File
All text is removed from the text file when this key is pressed in
Extended Mode. To prevent accidental erasure Tasword asks for
confirmation when you press this key.

C - Change Window on Text
This Extended Mode control key is used to open or close a 32
character wide Window on the text file. When the Window is
closed the screen shows the full 64 characters in each line. When
the Window is opened the border changes colour to indicate an
open Window. With the Window open the screen shows a 32
character wide part of the text file with the characters shown at
normal Spectrum size. The window may be scrolled sideways by
using the arrow keys to move the cursor. Sideways scrolling takes
place automatically as text is typed.

B - Beginning of Block Marker
Blocks of text may be moved or copied from one part of the text
file to another. The beginning and end of the block of text must
be "marked" before it can be moved or copied. The Extended
Mode B key is used to tell Tasword that the line of text that the
cursor is in is the first line of a block. Tasword will mark the
beginning of the block by inserting a large open bracket symbol
on the line above the first line of your block.

There is a short delay when this key is used while Tasword checks
that there is not already a Beginning of Block Marker in the text
file. You cannot have more than one Beginning of Block Marker
in the file at any one time.

To delete a block marker move the cursor to the line containing
the marker and use the normal mode NOT control key to delete
the line.











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V - End of Block Marker
This key is used to mark the line that the cursor is on as the last
line of a block of text. Tasword marks the end of the block by
inserting a large close bracket symbol on the line below. There is
a delay while Tasword checks that there is not already an end of
block marker in the text.

Use the normal mode NOT control key to delete a block marker.

M - Move Block of Text
A block of text that has been marked is moved to a new position
when the M key is pressed in Extended Mode. The text is moved
to new lines that are created above the line containing the cursor
when the M key is pressed.

N - Copy Block of Text
The action of this Extended Mode Control key is identical to the
Move Block M key described above except that the block of text
is copied to a new position rather than moved.


Margins

The Extended Mode A and D control keys are used to set the left
and right margins respectively as described on page 21. The
Extended Mode S control key clears the margins.

When margins are set the text that is typed will normally be put
only between the two margins. Word-wrap and justification take
place as though the margin positions represent the edges of the
screen.

Margins are useful for automatically indenting part of your text.
Paragraphs can be highlighted by having different margin
settings, or a list of paragraphs can be typed and numbering and
other annotations can be put within the margins.








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When a margin is set part of the screen will change colour to
represent the margin setting. (When the window is set at 64
characters per line the actual margin position may be one greater
than indicated by the screen colour).

The cursor moving arrows can be used to move the cursor into
the margins to set new margin positions or to type text within a
margin. The <=, <>, and >= text moving and centering
control keys do not affect the text inside the margins and do not
work at all when the cursor is within a margin. The AND text
insertion control key does not operate inside margins except
when the cursor is in column 1. The STEP control key reforms
just the text that is between the left and right margin. The find
and replace (Extended Mode R) command ignores margin
settings. The automatic paragraph rejustification that takes place
on text replacement may modify the format of text that has been
typed with margins set.


Interfaces

You can send your text files to printers provided that you have an
interface between your Spectrum and your printer. Different
interfaces each have their own "printer control code" and they
use them in different ways.

You must tell Tasword the printer control code for your interface.
This is done by using the normal mode STOP control key and
then selecting the "define graphics/printer"
option by pressing the G key. This procedure is described in the
following section.

Some interfaces require their own software to be loaded into the
Spectrum. See p.29-33 for information on how to merge this
software with Tasword.


Printers

To send your text to the ZX printer use the Extended Mode P
control key (see page 21).



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To send your text to other printers press the normal mode
STOP control key and then press the P key to select the
"print text file" option. Tasword will ask for your
required line spacing and then print the text file. You can stop the
printing at any time by holding down the Q key.


Printer Initialisation

You must tell Tasword the codes that your printer uses for
carriage return and linefeed. You can do this by pressing the
normal mode STOP control key and then choosing the
"define graphics/printer" option. This procedure is
described on the next page.


Graphics Characters

The Spectrum graphics characters are not sent to full width
printers (as opposed to the ZX printer) but they are interpreted by
Tasword as a sequence of printer control characters. In this way
Tasword helps you make effective use of the capabilities of your
printer. You can, for example, define a particular graphics
character to be the sequence of codes that instructs your printer
to print enlarged text (if your printer has this facility). Then you
can simply type this graphics character into your text and the text
following will be printed in the enlarged form.

Another useful control character your printer may obey is
"form feed" (move to the top of the next page). You could
then define one of the graphics symbols to be the form feed
control and type this character into your text wherever you
require the printing to start on a new page.

Tasword Two comes with the graphics characters defined as
shown on the normal mode help page for the Epson FX-80
printer. Some of these codes are valid for the Epson MX-80 and
other printers.






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To define your own printer control characters you must use the
"define graphics/printer" facility described below.


The Define/Graphics Printer Facility

Press the normal mode STOP control key (Symbol Shift A) and
the list of options shown on page 18 will appear on the screen.
Choose "define graphics/printer" by pressing the
G key. Tasword will ask you to confirm your choice by pressing ENTER.

A list of the graphics symbols along with their Spectrum character
codes on the left and the sequence of pre-defined printer control
codes on the right will appear on the screen.

Specify the graphics character you want to redefine by typing the
character code (the number to the left of the symbol) and
pressing ENTER.

Type the decimal number for each control code as prompted by
Tasword. If your sequence is less than four numbers then
terminate the sequence by just pressing ENTER.

On entering the fourth number Tasword will redisplay the
symbols and codes. You can redefine another graphics symbol by
typing the appropriate code as described above.

When you press ENTER without having typed a number
Tasword will go on to ask you:

(1)	The control code that your interface uses. Enter the
	appropriate number. (e.g. 27 for the Hilderbay, 5 for the
	Euroelectronics Interface)

(2)	The control codes that your printer uses for linefeed and
	carriage return. If your printer uses one code for both then
	enter zero for the second code.







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(3)	The character width of the left margin on printing. This is set
	to eight characters by default.

When you answer the final question Tasword returns to the
STOP control key list of options.

When you save Tasword you will automatically also save all the
codes that you have set. In this way you can create your personal
view of Tasword that you have customised to your system and
your requirements.



Changing Tasword Characters

The following information is provided to allow you to modify the
Tasword characters. A certain amount of programming
knowledge is assumed. Characters that you redefine will be
reproduced on the ZX Printer but not on other printers. Some full
width printers have internal RAMs that allow you to define your
own characters.

The Spectrum user defined graphics characters cannot be used.

The character generator for the 64 character per line (64cpl)
characters is in a table from 61184d to 62079d and whose base
address is 60928d. This includes the 64cpl graphics characters.
Each character is represented in this table by eight sequential
bytes in the normal way. The four most significant bits of each
byte must be zero.

With the exception of the graphics symbols the ROM character
table is used to generate the 32cpl characters so these cannot be
changed.

The sixteen 32cpl graphics characters are held in a table from
60928d to 61055d whose base address if 59904d.







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More About Printer Interfaces

To configure Tasword Two for a particular interface use the
define graphics/printer facility as described on page 27 of the
manual. After allowing you to define graphics symbols Tasword
will ask if you want to redefine the interface control codes.
Respond by pressing y for yes and Tasword will ask you for four
interface control codes.

When you have created your customised version of Tasword
Two save the program as described on page 11.


Tasman Interface

Use the define graphics/printer facility (obtained by pressing
STOP and then the G key) to specify the following interface
control codes;

Interface control code 1:     0
                  code 2:     0
                  code 3:     0
                  code 4: 64836

The tape is supplied with these codes set.


Kempston Interface "S" and "E"

Follow the instructions supplied with the Kempston Interfaces.


Sinclair ZX Interface 1

Load Tasword and enter Basic by pressing the STOP control key
and the B key. Add the following two lines of Basic:

279 FORMAT "b";X: OPEN #3;"b"
281 CLOSE #3





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Where X in line 279 is your printer baud rate. RUN Tasword and
create your customised version by pressing the STOP control
key and then the T key.

The interface codes should be as supplied on the tape for the
Tasman Interface.

To quit printing the q key must be held down until the printer
stops and this may take some time. The printing can be stopped
immediately by pressing BREAK but you must then restart the
program by executing GOTO 281.


Hilderbay Interface

You must incorporate the printer software into Tasword. Load
the 48K Hilderbay printer software (NOT the "mini-software")
and break into the program after the machine code has loaded by
pressing Caps Shift and Space for "Break". Amend line 640 so
that it reads:

640 SAVE "printcode" CODE st,65361-st

Then press R to RUN and create a customised printer program
on tape as described in the interface documentation in which you
specify that the codes for printer carriage return and linefeed 
are zero.

Load Tasword and enter Basic by pressing the STOP control key
and then the B key. Execute the following two statements, taking
care to type the correct numbers:

POKE 59818,217
POKE 59832,217

Then incorporate your customised printer program by putting the
tape into your cassette player and executing:







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LOAD "printcode" CODE 57856

taking care to type the correct number after the CODE
statement.

Now RUN Tasword and use the define graphics/printer facility
(obtained by pressing STOP and then the G key) to specify the
following interface control codes:

Interface control code 1:    21
                  code 2:     0
                  code 3:     0
                  code 4: 65150

And then specify the codes for carriage return and linefeed on
your printer (13 and 10 on Epsons.)


Morex Interface

You must incorporate the printer software into Tasword. Load
the 48K Morex printer software and customise it for your printer
as described in the Morex manual. In particular, ensure that the
serial/parallel flag (64517) has the correct value and that the
baud rate is set correctly if you are printing serially. Also ensure
that tokens will be printed by executing:

POKE 64519,1

Save your customised printer software onto tape by executing:

SAVE "printcode" CODE 64519,1  [This must be wrong. JimG]

Load Tasword and enter Basic by pressing STOP control key and
then the B key. Execute the following two statements, taking
care to type the correct numbers:

POKE 59818,5
POKE 59832,5





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Then incorporate your customised printer program by putting the
tape into your cassette player and executing:

LOAD "printcode" CODE 57856

taking care to type the correct number after the CODE
statement.

Now RUN Tasword and use the define graphics/printer facility
(obtained by pressing STOP and then the G key) to specify the
following interface control codes:

Interface control code 1:     0
                  code 2:     0
                  code 3:     0
                  code 4: 64973

And then specify the codes for carriage return and linefeed on
your printer (13 and 0 [Should probably be 10. JimG] works on Epsons.)


Euroelectronics ZX Lprint

Follow the instructions supplied with the Euroelectronics
interfaces.


ADS Interface

Tasword Two can be configured for the ADS interface by the
following procedure. The software supplied with the ADS
Interface is not used.

(1)	Load Tasword.

(2)	Enter Basic by pressing the STOP control key and then the B
	key followed by ENTER.







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(3)	Execute the following instructions, taking care to type the
	correct numbers:

	POKE 57978,32
	POKE 57979,12
	POKE 57997,245
	POKE 57998,219
	POKE 57999,157
	POKE 58000,203
	POKE 58001,103
	POKE 58002,32
	POKE 58003,250
	POKE 58004,241
	POKE 58005,211
	POKE 58006,157
	POKE 58007,201

(4)	RUN Tasword and create your customised version by
	pressing the STOP control key and then the T key.

The interface control codes should be as supplied on the tape for
the Tasman Interface.


Tasword Two and the ZX Microdrives

To create a microdrive version of Tasword Two load the program
from tape, enter Basic, and make the changes listed overleaf.
Note that many of the changes can be made by editing existing
lines. Be careful to make the exact changes!

Once these changes have been made insert a blank but
formatted microdrive cartridge into drive 1 (the drive nearest the
Spectrum), RUN the program, and press the STOP control key
and then the T key to save Tasword Two onto the cartridge. The
program will be verified automatically.

Tasword auto-runs: to load it execute NEW and then RUN. The
Tasword Two microdrive cartridge must be in drive 1.





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The drive used by Tasword Two on loading is drive 1; this
number is shown in brackets on the STOP control key menu.
The drive being used can be changed by pressing the D key when
the STOP control key menu is showing. You can have Tasword
Two in drive 1 and a cartridge containing your text files in 
drive 2.

The catalogue for the current drive is shown on the screen
whenever the Load, Save, or Merge text file options are
chosen. If you do not like the resulting delay then remove the
CAT statements in lines 1000 and 2000.

A file cannot be saved onto a microdrive cartridge with the same
name as a file that is already there. The program can be changed
to erase any existing file with the same name before saving by
putting the statement:

ERASE "m";md;a$

at the beginning of line 1030. This is not recommended as you
may inadvertently lose text and also the system takes some time
to erase non-existent files. It is probably better to save each
version of a document with a different name and to erase
unwanted files from Basic.

To save a file onto cassette press the STOP control key and then
B to enter Basic and then execute:

SAVE "NAME" CODE 32000,A  AND  VERIFY "" CODE

To load a text file from cassette enter Basic and execute:

LOAD "" CODE

In each case just execute RUN to continue running Tasword Two.

If the program enters Basic and fails with a Microdrive error
report due to, for example, there being no cartridge in the current






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drive, you will not have lost your text. Just execute RUN.


Microdrive Implementation

Refer to instructions in preceding sections.

   5 LET md=1
  11 delete this Line
  15 POKE 23609,2: CLEAR 31999: GO SUB
     4000: LOAD *"m";1;"tasword" CODE: LET
     a=USR 59081: GO TO 5
  60 PRINT AT 2,0;"catalogue/change drive
      (";md;")";AT 2,31;"d"
 175 IF b=100 THEN LET i=2
 670 IF b=100 THEN GO TO 5000
 700 CLS: LET a$="tasword": SAVE *"m"; ;
     "run" LINE 15
 710 SAVE *"m";1;a$ C0DE 54784,10751
 780 VERIFY *"m";1;"run": PRINT AT
     21,0;"tasword basic O.K.";AT 19,0;
 790 VERIFY *"m";1;a$ C0DE 54784,10751:
     PRINT AT 21,20;"m/code O.K.": GO TO 25
 900 delete this line
1000 LET b=FN p(62216): CLS: CAT md
1005 PRINT AT 8,16;"Name of text";AT
     9,16;"file for saving?": LET i=11 : LET
     j0=16: GO SUB 6000
1030 SAVE *"m";md;a$ CODE b,a: CLS
1050 delete this Line
1100 VERIFY *"m";md;a$ CODE b,a
2000 CLS: CAT md: PRINT AT 8,16;"type the
     name of";AT 9,16;"the text file";AT
     10,16;"and press ENTER"
2010 delete this Line
2020 LET j0=16: LET i=14: GO SUB 6000: IF
     a$="" THEN GO TO 2020
2030 LET b=FN p(62216) : LOAD






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     *"m";md;a$ CODE (a+b),((FN
     p(62221)+22)*64-a): GO TO 10
5000 CLS: CAT md: LET j0=15: PRINT AT
     8,j0; "Current Drive=";md
5010 PRINT AT 10,j0;"Type new drive";AT
     11,j0;"number and press";AT
     12,j0;"ENTER.";AT 14,j0;"Just press
     ENTER";AT 15,j0;"for current drive"
5020 LET i=17: GO SUB 6000: IF a$="" THEN
     CLS: GO TO 25
5030 LET md=VAL a$: IF md<1 OR md>8
     THEN LET md=1
5040 GO TO 500































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The program Tasword Two is copyright and it is sold subject to the
condition that it shall not be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise
circulated.

(c) TASMAN SOFTWARE LTD
Springfield House, Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LN

NOTICE:
All efforts have been made to ensure there are no errors in this
manual or in the program Tasword Two. Neither Tasman Software
nor Sinclair Research can assume responsibility for any errors or their
consequences either in this manual or in the program Tasword Two.
































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